at the time, the time elapsed since vaccination, previous infections, age, and underlying health conditions.
A vaccine may provide less protection against infection than it did against an earlier variant while continuing to offer meaningful protection against hospitalization. That is not contradictory. It reflects the fact that the virus can evolve and that the immune system has several different ways of responding to it.
The key lesson is straightforward: a breakthrough infection is evidence that infection was not prevented in that particular case. It is not sufficient evidence to determine
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